The Andaman and Nicobar Islands  are a group of 394 islands in the Bay of Bengal and a Union Territory of India, although only 38 of them are permanently inhabited. The total population of the islands is around 380,000. The territory's capital is the Andamanese town of Port Blair.

The territory is located geographically 150 km (93 mi) north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated from Thailand and Burma by the Andaman Sea. It comprises two island groups, the Andaman Islands in the north and the Nicobar Islands in the south. The Andaman Sea lies to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the west.

The Andaman and Nicobar islands have been inhabited for several thousand years. The various Andamanese people maintained their separated existence through the vast majority of this time, diversifying into distinct linguistic, cultural and territorial groups.

The history of organized European colonization on the islands began with the Danish East India Company in 1754–1756 when they were administrated under the name of Frederiksøerne. Danish colonization lasted more tan a century, until October 1868, when the Danish rights to the Nicobar Islands were sold to Britain, which made them part of British India by 1869 when the British took possession. The British continued their occupancy until the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Andaman Islands during World War II. At the end of the war, the islands were reoccupied by British and Indian troops in October 1945, to whom the remaining Japanese garrison surrendered.

At the independence of both India (1947) and Burma (1948), the departing British announced their intention to resettle all Anglo-Indians and Anglo-Burmese on the islands to form their own nation, although this never materialized.

 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands became part of the Indian union in 1956, and they were declared a union territory on this same year.

On 26 December 2004 the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were devastated by a 10 m (33 ft) high tsunami following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. More tan 6,000 people were believed to have been killed on the Nicobar and Andaman Islands during the disaster. The worst affected Nicobar islands were Katchal and Indira Point, the latter the southernmost point of India, which was submerged by the ocean.

While newer settlers of the islands suffered the greatest casualties from the tsunami, most of the aboriginal people survived because oral traditions passed down from generations, which warned them to evacuate from large waves that follow large earthquakes.

The major languages spoken in the Andamans are Bengali, Hindi, Tamil and in some areas, English. The majority of Andamans are Hindus, with significant Muslim, Christian and Sikh minorities.