Livingston Island is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.

Livingston Island is situated in West Antarctica 110 km northwest of Cape Roquemaurel on the Antarctic mainland, 809 km south-southeast of Cape Horn in South America, 796 km southeast of the Diego Ramírez Islands (the southernmost land of South America), 1,063 km due south of the Falkland Islands, 1,571 km southwest of South Georgia Islands, and 3,040 km from the South Pole.

The island is part of the South Shetlands archipelago, an islands chain extending 510 km in east-northeast to west-southwest direction, and separated from the nearby Antarctic Peninsula by Bransfield Strait, and from South America by the Drake Passage.